TRADE AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN CANADA AND USA SINCE 1990 TO 2010

 

This essay will be discussed bilateral trade relations between Canada and the United States of America in the late 90s of the twentieth century to 2010. This is a comparative analysis. Appear in such terms as import, export and trade balance. All figures are in millions of U.S. dollars on a nominal basis, not seasonally adjusted unless otherwise specified. Details may not equal totals due to rounding. Attention will be focused exclusively on commercial cooperation regarding goods. Goal of this essay is to show the development, fluctuations or constraints encountered in 20 years in the import and export between Canada and USA.

1990 analyzing: the first thing arises is the negative balance of trade after the USA and in the whole year. USA exported less and imported more what worked out the result -7,706.3 $. The largest value of exported goods in 1990 took place in March and reached a result 8,074.9 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in December giving result 5,961.6 $. The highest value of imported goods in 1990 took place in October reached a result 8,701.4 $ while the lowest value was reached in January giving 6,799.0 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was September: -1,336.7 $ during April saw the lowest degree of negative balance: -95.8 $.  The total value of exported goods in 1990 amounted to 83,673.8 $ while imported goods 91,380.1 $.

1991 analyzing: it is noted that the negative trade balance fell to give the result -5,914.1 $ (about 2 million $ less than year before). The largest value of exported goods in 1991 took place in October reached a result 8,231.0 $ and the smallest value in December giving result 6,079.0 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 8,636.3 $ while the lowest value was reached in July: 6,906.3 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was December worked out the result -1,003.9 $ while April saw the lowest negative balance: -257.4 $. The total value of exported goods in 1991 amounted to 85,149.8 $ (about 2 million $ more than in 1990). The total value of imported goods was 91,063.9 $ (about this same $ result as before year).

1992 analyzing: it is concluded that the negative trade balance increased compared to the previous year giving -8,035.5 $ (about 3 million $ more than 1991). The biggest value   of exported goods in 1992 took place in June worked out the result 8,428.6 $ while the smallest value of export was in July: 6,877.0 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 9,100.3 $ while the lowest was in January: 7,169.6 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was December giving -1,175.5 $. The January saw smallest negative trade balance worked out the result -248.1 $. The total value of exported goods in 1992 amounted to 90,594.3 $ (about 5 million $ more than previous year). The total value of imported goods was 98,629.8 $ (about 7 million $ more than in 1991).

1993 analyzing: it can see that USA exported less and imported more what worked out the result -10,772.2 $ (about 2 million $ more than previous year). The biggest value of exported goods in 1993 took place in January and reached a result 6,878.4 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in June giving result 9,070.0 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 10,249.2 $ while the lowest value was reached in July: 7,845.1 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was October: -1,336.7 $ during August saw the lowest degree of negative balance: -453.9 $.  The total value of exported goods in 1993 amounted to 100,444.2 $ (about 10 million $ more than 1992) while imported goods 111,216.4 $ (about 13 million $ more than year before). What is interesting that 1993 years is the first in the history of census operation (since 1985) when both the monetary value of exports and imports in the relations USA - Canada has exceeded 100 million dollars.

1994 analyzing: it is noted that the negative trade balance continues to grow giving the result  -13,967.3 $ (it’s about 3 million $ more than before year). The largest value of exported goods in 1994 took place in November reached a result 10,590.1 $ and the smallest value in January giving result 7,578.1 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in November (similarly to export) reaching result 12,411.9 $ while the lowest was in January: 8,612.6 $ (similarly to export). Month which saw the biggest negative balance was November giving -1,821.8 $. The March saw smallest negative trade balance worked out the result -520.3 $. The total value of exported goods in 1994 amounted to 114,438.6 $ (about 14 million $ more than previous year). The total value of imported goods was 128,405.9 $ (about 17 million $ more than in 1993).

1995 analyzing: it can see that USA continually exported less and imported more what worked out the result -17,143.9 $ (about 4 million $ more than year ago). The biggest value of exported goods in 1995 took place in March and reached a result 11,718.5 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in July giving result 8,435.4 $. The biggest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 13,167.9 $ while the smallest value was reached in July: 9,703.1 $ (the only one value of less than 10 million U.S. dollars in 1995!). Month which saw the highest negative balance was December giving -1,982.6 $ while March saw lowest negative trade balance worked out the result -891.9 $ (the only one value of less than 1 million U.S. dollars in whole year!). The total value of exported goods in 1995 amounted to 127,226.0 $ (about 13 million $ more than in 1994) while imported goods 144,369.9 $ (about 16 million $ more than year before).

1996 analyzing: there is still a negative trade balance after the USA in relation to Canada reaching result -21,682.4 $ (about 4 million $ more than year ago). The highest value of exported goods took place in November worked out the result 12,144.9 $ while the lowest value was reached in July 9,646.6 $ (the only one value below 10 million U.S. dollars in 1996). The biggest value of imported goods took place in May reaching result 13,749.4 $ while the smallest value was reached in July: 11,595.4 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was December worked out the result -2,426.3 $ while March saw the lowest negative balance: -1,161.3 $ (the first time when the limit of one million dollars has exceeded). The total value of exported goods in 1996 amounted to 134,210.2 $ (about 7 million $ more than 1995) while imported goods 155,892.6 $ (about 9 million $ more than previous year).

1997 analyzing: it is noted that the negative trade balance fell significantly (by value of about 6 million $) giving the result: -15,467.4 $. The biggest value of exported goods in 1997 took place in October and reached a result 14,093.1 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in July giving result 11,112.6 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 14,964.0 $ while the lowest value was reached in July: 12,374.8 $.  Month which saw the biggest negative balance was January: -1,952.8 $ during April saw the lowest degree of negative balance: -857.3 $. The total value of exported goods in 1997 amounted to 151,766.7 $ (about 17 million $ more than year ago) while imported goods 167,234.1 $ (about 12 million $ more than year before).

1998 analyzing: may be observed again a slight increase in the negative balance of trade: -16,652.5 $ (about 1 million $ more than in 1997). The highest value of exported goods took place in March worked out the result 14,573.1 $ while the lowest value was reached in July 10,517.0 $ (analogously to July of the previous year - a slight decrease). The biggest value of imported goods took place in March reaching result 15,392.1 $ while the smallest value was reached in July: 12,266.0 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was September worked out the result -1,903.1 $ while March saw the lowest negative balance: -819.0 $. The total value of exported goods in 1998 amounted to 156,603.5 $ (about 5 million $ more than previous year) while imported goods 173,256.0 $ (about 6 million $ more than a year ago).

1999 analyzing: there was a sudden increase in the negative balance of trade in relation to previous years, and especially the previous year (up by almost half, ie. 16 million $), reaching the amount of -32,111.1 $! The biggest value of exported goods in 1995 took place in November and reached a result 15,099.4 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in July giving result 11,519.3 $. The biggest value of imported goods took place in November reaching result 18,176.3 $ while the smallest value was reached in January: 14,550.1 $. It should be noted that in November the value of both - exports and imports reached the highest value in the whole year, which may be the result of this that there has been something which has boosted in bilateral exchanges this month. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was August worked out the result -3,421.8 $ while April saw the lowest negative balance: -1,993.8 $. The total value of exported goods in 1999 amounted to 166,600.0 $ (10 million $ more than previous year) while imported goods 198,711.1 $ (about 25 million $ more than 1998 year).

2000 analyzing: it is notices that the negative balance of trade increased by around 20 million $ in relation to previous year. It was: -51,897.4 $. The biggest value of exported goods in 2000 took place in June and reached a result 16,053.6 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in July giving result 12,152.8 $. The biggest value of imported goods took place in March reaching result 20,761.5 $ while the smallest value was reached in July: 16,888.5 $. Month which saw the highest negative balance was December giving -5,599.3 $ while February saw lowest negative trade balance worked out the result -3,123.4 $. The total value of exported goods in 2000 amounted to 178,940.9 $ (about 12 million $ more than 1999 year) while imported goods 230,838.3 $ (about 32 million $ more than previous year).

2001 analyzing: this year is characterized by a slight increase in the negative balance of trade growing about 1 million $ and worked out the result -52,843.8 $. The largest value of exported goods in 2001 took place in March reached a result 15,523.7 $ and the smallest value in December giving result 11,319.3 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in January reaching result 20,441.9 $ while the lowest was in December: 15,132.0 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was January worked out the result -6,775.3 $ while October saw the lowest negative balance: -3,647.7 $. The total value of exported goods in 2001 amounted to 163,424.1 $ (decrease in the value of around 15 million $) while imported goods 216,267.9 $ (decrease around 20 million $). Generally been declining this year in both exports and imports.

2002 analyzing: it is notices decrease in negative balance of trade (around 4 million $) giving -48,165.0 $. The biggest value of exported goods in 2002 took place in May and reached a result 14,586.2 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in July giving result 11,607.2 $. The largest value of imported goods in 2002 took place in October reached a result 19,044.1 $ and the smallest value in July giving result 15,910.8 $. Month which saw the highest negative balance was September giving -4,527.6 $ while June saw lowest negative trade balance worked out the result -3,222.5 $. The total value of exported goods in 2002 amounted to 160,922.7 $ (about 3 million $ more than 2001 year) while imported goods 209,087.7 $ (about 7 million $ more than previous year). 2002 is remembered as an year of general decline in all three values, ie. imports, exports, and negative balance of trade.

2003 analyzing: may be observed again a slight increase in the negative balance of trade: -51,671.0 $ (about 3 million $ more than a year ago). The highest value of exported goods took place in October worked out the result 15,554.6 $ while the lowest value was reached in July 12,029.5 $ (analogously to July of the previous year - a slight growth). The biggest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 20,137.7 $ while the smallest value was reached in July: 17,079.4 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was July worked out the result -5,049.8 $ while May saw the lowest negative balance: -3,459.9 $. The total value of exported goods in 2003 amounted to 169,923.7 $ (rise about 9 million $) while imported goods 221,594.7 $ (rise around 12 million $).

2004 analyzing: there was a significant increase in negative balance of trade: -66,480.0 $ (about 15 million $ more than previous year). The largest value of exported goods in 2004 took place in March reached a result 17,227.0 $ and the smallest value in January giving result 13,315.8 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in June reaching result 23,250.8 $ while the lowest was in January: 18,925.8 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was June giving -6,817.8 $. The December saw smallest negative trade balance worked out the result -4,869.9 $. The total value of exported goods in 2004 amounted to 189,879.9 $ (about 20 million $ more than in 2003). The total value of imported goods was 256,359.8 $ (about 35 million $ more than before year).

2005 analyzing: further increase in negative balance of trade. The sum is -78,485.6 $ (about 12 million $ more than in 2004). The biggest value of exported goods in 2005 took place in March and reached a result 18,919.8 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in July worked out the result 14,719.6 $. The largest value of imported goods in 2005 took place in October reached a result 27,725.0 $ and the smallest value in July giving result 21,087.3 $. Month which saw the highest negative balance was October giving -8,978.5 $ while June saw lowest negative trade balance worked out the result -4,987.8 $. The total value of exported goods in 2005 amounted to 211,898.7 $ (about 22 million $ more than 2004 year) while imported goods 290,384.3 $ (about 34 million $ more than previous year).

2006 analyzing: it is notices decrease in negative balance of trade -71,781.8 $ (around 7 million $). The biggest value of exported goods in 2006 took place in March and reached a result 21,153.3 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in January giving result 17,261.1 $. The highest value of imported goods in 2006 took place in June reached a result 26,544.2 $ and the lowest value in July giving result 22,926.6 $. Month which saw the highest negative balance was January giving -8,704.8 $ while October saw lowest negative trade balance worked out the result -5,105.5 $. The total value of exported goods in 2006 amounted to 230,656.0 $ (about 19 million $ more than 2005 year) while imported goods 302,437.9 $ (about 12 million $ more than previous year). 2006 is remembered as an year when the value limit has been exceeded 300 million $.

2007 analyzing: followed by a further decrease in the negative balance of trade -68,168.6 $ (about 3 million $). This result it -68,168.6 $. The biggest value of exported goods in 2007 took place in October and reached a result 23,299.7 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in January giving result 17,803.6 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in October reaching result 28,714.4 $ while the lowest value was reached in February: 23,678.8 $.  Month which saw the biggest negative balance was January: -7,311.2 $ during May saw the lowest degree of negative balance: -5,127.5 $. The total value of exported goods in 2007 amounted to 248,888.1 $ (about 18 million $ more than previous year) while imported goods 317,056.8 $ (about 15 million $ more than in 2006).

2008 analyzing: there was a significant increase in negative balance of trade: -78,341.6 $ (about 10 million $ in relation to before year). The highest value of exported goods took place in June worked out the result 23,741.4 $ while the lowest value was reached in December 16,912.2 $. The biggest value of imported goods took place in July reaching result 32,208.4 $ while the smallest value was reached in July: 19,710.0 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was July worked out the result -9,883.0 $ while December saw the lowest negative balance: -2,797.8 $. The total value of exported goods in 2008 amounted to 261,149.8 $ (rise about 13 million $) while imported goods 339,491.4 $ (rise around 22 million $). It should be remembered that in 2008 began the global financial crisis which has not remained unnoticed in trade relations between the USA and Canada. The effects of this can already be seen in November and December 2008, when it clearly begin to shrink both exports and imports in bilateral relations.

2009 analyzing: it is notices dramatic decrease in negative balance of trade: -21,590.5 $ (it is about 57 million $ than year before!). The biggest value of exported goods in 2009 took place in November and reached a result 18,586.1 $ while the smallest value of exported goods took place in January worked out the result 14,733.6 $. The largest value of imported goods in 2009 took place in December reached a result 21,848.1 $ and the smallest value in May giving result 16,398.8 $. Month which saw the highest negative balance was December giving -3,315.5 $ while May saw lowest negative trade balance worked out the result -308.4 $. The total value of exported goods in 2009 amounted to 204,658.0 $ (about 57 million $ less than 2008 year) while imported goods 226,248.4 $ (about 100 million $ less than previous year!). In 2009 you see a huge fall in exports and imports caused by the growing global economic crisis. Consequently, there has also been a significant decrease in negative balance of trade. Albeit from month to month can be seen a gradual increase in exports and imports.

2010 analyzing: there was a slight increase in the negative balance of trade: -28,380.3 $ (about 7 million $ more than 2009). The largest value of exported goods in 2010 took place in June reached a result 22,275.2 $ and the smallest value in January giving result 17,238.7 $. The highest value of imported goods took place in June reaching result 24,693.6 $ while the lowest was in February: 21,233.2 $. Month which saw the biggest negative balance was January giving -4,415.2 $. The September saw smallest negative trade balance worked out the result -1,206.8 $. The total value of exported goods in 2010 amounted to 249,256.5 $ (about 45 million $ more than in 2009). The total value of imported goods was 277,636.7 $ (about 40 million $ more than before year). In 2010 can be seen a marked increase in exports and imports in trade relations between Washington – Ottawa.

In conclusion, it is noted that in the 20 years of economic cooperation in the dimension of trade between the USA and Canada saw the development of the value of exports and imports. In addition to this interesting observation is the fact that during the entire period of the mutual exchange of goods, United States of America had a negative trade balance.

 

 

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

 

·         http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/balance/c1220.html#1990

 

Piotr Żak – rocznik 1990, magister stosunków międzynarodowych (Uniwersytet Jagielloński) oraz magister amerykanistyki (Uniwersytet Jagielloński), oba tytuły uzyskane w 2014 roku. Zainteresowania naukowe: historia, dyplomacja, prawo międzynarodowe publiczne oraz teologia. Planowany doktorat w zakresie nauk społecznych, stricte stosunków międzynarodowych. W wolnych chwilach: podróże, fotografia przyrody oraz bieganie i jazda na rowerze. Członek Związku Strzeleckiego „Strzelec” Równość Wolność Niepodległość. Numer ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9145-2816.